c/7 




PATRIOTS' DAY CELEBRATION 

at Cambridge, Mass.. April 19th, 1921. 
Also an Address on 

THE TRUE AMERICAN FLAG 

(OUR FIRST NATIONAL EMBLEM AND STANDARD) 
THE CAMBRIDGE FLAG 



.Cit 



Old Glory : the story we're wanting to hear 
Is what the plain facts of your Christening- were - 
For your name — just to hear it. 
Repeat it, and cheer it. 's a tang to the spirit 
As salt as a tear ; — 

And seeing you fly, and the boys marching by. 
There's a shout in the throat and a blur in the eye 
And an aching to live for you always — or die. 
If, dying, we still keep you waving on high. 
And so, by our love 
For you, floating above. 

And the scars of all wars and the sorrows thereof. 
Who gave you the name of Old Glory, and why 
Are we thrilled with the name of Old Glorv? 



Transfcrrod from 
Librariar;'-; O.fic ' 
ore 20 921 



THE AMERICAN FLAG 



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Flag Exhibit, Showing History of Flag, in Cambridge Public Library 
_^-'- From left to right, the first flag is Cambridge Flag 



THE TRUE AMERICAN FLAG 

(OUR FIRST NATIONAL EMBLEM AND STANDARD) 

THE CAMBRIDGE FLAG 

(An Address Delivered on Patriots' Day by Lieut. T. Harrison 
Cummings, Librarian of the Cambridge Public Library) 

The exercises began at 9 o'clock with a military parade. Lieut. 
Robert J. McLaughlin was chief marshal. His chief of stafif was John 
D. Crowley. His aides were Capt. John McLellan, Lieut. Joseph Stokes 
and Lieut. Thomas Hickey. 

Three companies of the Cambridge batta'.ion, Massachusetts Na- 
tional Guard, under Capt. Crawford J. Ferguson, acting major, and 
Lieut. Patrick J. Healey, battalion adjutant, the Harvard band, ten 
troops of the Boy Scouts .(Troops 1, 3, 4, 6. 8, 9, 10, 11, 16 and 17) under 
the direction of Deputy Commissioner Philip Batchelder ot this city, 
were in line. At the city hall, the members of the American Legion, 
under Commander Ralph Robart, joined the parade. The route was 
from the city hall to Trowbridge street to Broadway and thence to the 
public library lawn. The legion members were unable to stay through 
the exercises as they had to go to Lexington where they participated 
in the big parade there. On the speakers' stand were Mayor Quinn, 
Professor William Roscoe Thayer, President of the Cambridge His- 
torical Society, and T. Harrison Cummings. 

Mayor Quinn, after calling attention to the celebration, introduced 
Mr. Cummings, who said in part: — 

The proclamation, establishing April 19 as a holiday in Massachu- 
setts, and naming it Patriots' Day, was most appropriate and 'befitting. 
"This is a day," wrote the Governor, who was the author of the procla- 
mation, "rich with historical and significant events that are precious 
in the eyes of all patriots and it may well be called Patriots' Day. 
For on this day, in 1775, at Lexington and Concord, was begun the 
great war of the revolution. On this day, 1783, just eight- years after- 
wards, the cessation of this war and the triumph of independence were 
formally proclaimed. And on this day in 1861, the first blood was shed 
in the war for the Union. 

"Thus, this day is grand with its memories of these mighty strug- 
gles which, in one instance, brought liberty and in the other, union to 
the country. 

"It is fitting, therefore, that this day should be celebrated as the 
anniversary of the birth of liberty and union," and I would like to add, 
also, the birth of the American Flag in the first Cambridge flag, sym- 
bolizing liberty and union, noAV and forever, one and inseparable. 

Perhaps the most important date in our national history, therefore, 
is the nineteenth ai April, 1775. Since, on that day, the blood that was 
shed in Cambrid'ge and Lexington, marked the first brave resistance 
of our ancestors to English tyranny, injustice, and oppression, and 

4 




Pageant of Flags on the Lawn of the Cambridge Public Library 



that resistance brought about the birth of a new nation of freemen. 
A new national flag, representing their hopes and aspirations, was to 
shape anew the destiny of mankind, and, in the light of what has since 
occurred, in the pages of history, the world is vastly better off, in 
every way, for the events of that date. 

For, under the providence of God, our flag today is now the symbol 
of the power and glory of one hundred and ten millions of people, 
from every race and creed under the sun. Wherever it is unfurled, it 
represents our ideals of freedom and democracy, of government of the 
people, by the people, and for the people; and. since the late world war. 
it is now become the hope of all humanity. 

It was in this year 1775, immediately following the Battle of Lex- 
ington and Cambridge, that John Adams, of Massachusetts, practically 
nominated General George Washington of Virginia, Commander-in- 
Chief of the first American army, that had just begun to assemble here 
on Cambridge Common. Washington lost no time in reaching Cam- 
bridge. Arriving here on July 2nd, on the following day he took com- 
mand of his little army, under the Washington Elm. 

To reach an intelligent understanding regarding the needs of the 
new army, the Continental Congress, on September 30. 1775, appointed a 
committee of three members: Benjamin Franklin of Philadelphia, 
Thomas Lynch of South Carolina, Benjamin Harrison of Virginia, to 
proceed at once to Cambridge and then and there to confer with the 
Commander-in-Chief. The records of this conference have been pre- 
served and are a matter of history, according to Horace E. Scudder, 
page 91, in "The Cambridge of 1776." "After dut- deliberation, they 
arrived at the conclusion, that the new national flag must be one which 
will now recognize our loyalty to Great Britain and at the same time 
announce our united suit and demand for our rights as British sub- 
jects." The design that his committee submitted was composed of 
thirteen alternate red and white stripes to symbolize the union of the 
thirteen colonies. The committee was in conference with General 
Washington from October 18 to October 22, 1775, and they left Cam- 
bridge in time to reach Philadelphia early in November to submit their 
report to Congress. Meanwhile, the Commander-in-Chief, acting on 
his own initiative, on the second day of January, 1776, hoisted over his 
headquarters, in camp, the new flag that was afterwards known as the 
"Cambridge flag" or "Grand L'nion flag"— the first American flag that 
ever existed. 

This Grand Union flag or Cambridge flag was the first flag that 
represented the thirteen united colonies of America. It remained the 
official standard of that Confederation until that was merged into the 
Lnited States of America and, for nearly two years or more, it was 
the national ensign of the new republic. It consisted of thirteen stripes, 
red and white, alternating, with the Union Jack on a blue ground in 
the corner. The design of this flag came within one step of being the 
star spangled banner that we have today, it will be noted. 



The articles of confederation had created an alliance between 
them, but left them thirteen different states under separate govern- 
ments. Even the declaration of independence only pronounced the 
thirteen colonies free from foreign control, but it did not make them 
a nation. It was the constitution that made the American people one 
nation, with a common purpose and a fundamental law and this pur- 
pose as set forth in the preamble to the constitution was, "to form a 
more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, 
provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and se- 
cure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity." 

On January 4, 1776, Washington writes from Cambridge to Colonel 
Joseph Reed, his military secretary, "We are at length favored with 
a sight of His Majesty's most gracious speech. A volume of them was 
sent out by the Boston gentry and, farcical enough, it gave great joy 
to them, without our knowing or intending it; for on that day, Janu- 
ary 1, the day which gave being to the new army, but before the procla- 
mation came to hand, we had hoisted the Union flag in compliment 
to the united colonies. But behold it was received in Boston as a token 
of the deep impression, the speech had made upon us and as a signal 
of submission. By this time, I presume, they begin to think it strange 
we have not made a formal surrender of our lines." This was the first 
Cambridge flag w^hich he refers to as the Union flag. 

In addition to this unimpeachable testimony, we have an entry in 
''One Hundred Years," by W. H. Wilcox, page 36, as follows: "On the 
morning of the first or second of January, Washington assembled his 
forces at Cambridge and, after appropriate services, the new flag re- 
taining the King's colors in recognition of the still acknowledged sov- 
ereignty of England but coupled with thirteen red and white stripes, 
symbolizing the union of the thirteen colonies, was raised upon the 
staff and saluted with thirteen guns and thirteen cheers in honor of 
the thirteen united colonies and the new Continental army." 

Furthermore, there has ever existed in Cambridge a tradition that 
•more than once has taken definite form in durable print as instance, 
"The Story of Patriots' Day," by George Varney, page 105, iootnote: 

"During the siege of Boston, a committee was appointed by the 
^cmtrnental Congress to prepare a national standard. The committee 
visited General Washington at Cambridge, Mass., and conferred with 
him on the subject, and he, together with the committee, requested a 
professor of the college in that town and the wife of their host, to 
prepare a design for a national flag. The design adopted was formed 
of thirteen red and white stripes, placed in alternation, with the Union 
Jack in the upper staff corner for a union. On Prospect Hill, Somer- 
ville, is a stone erected by a historical society of the city, a part of the 
inscription reading as follows : "On this hill the Union flag, with its 
thirteen stripes, the emblem of the United Colonies, first bade defiance 
to an enemy, January 1, 1776." A flag of full size of this design was 
also raised on a hill in Cambridge, on January 2, 1776, by the hands 
of General Washington himself." 



This flag, then the Cambridge flag, was the first American flag and 
continued to float over Washington's headquarters at Cambridge, until 
the following June, 1776, when his army was removed to New York city. 
Thereafter until June, 1777. this flag was Washington's flag and the 
flag of the Union. 

To any one familiar with the social relations in camp life and the 
college society of that period, in Cambridge, it is comparatively easy 
to establish the identity of the college professor and his wife referred 
to as being that of Professor Winthrop, Hollis professor of mathe- 
matics and science at Harvard College. He was reputed to be one of 
the ablest scientists di his day. He and his wife, Mrs. Hannah Win- 
throp, were both ardent patriots, very outspoken, and warm friends 
of General Washington. Reference to the manuscript copy of the 
unpublished Winthrop Diary reveals the fact that Professor Winthrop 
was frequently in consultation with General Washington, at Cambridge, 
during the trying days of the Revolution. One entry, in particular, 
is very significant in this connection. It is dated, "October 19th, 1775." 
"With Washington and Committee from Congress. Dined at Coolidge's 
with Washington and Committee, and generals and officers." It is not 
unreasonable to suppose that when this committee, which had come 
"to confer with Washington in regard to the needs of the new army," 
returned to Philadelphia, a few days later they carried with them the 
design of the new flag. An army without a flag is like a ship without a 
rudder, helpless. Tradition says that, being a distinguished astronomer, 
he might very appropriately have suggested the substitution of the 
white stars on a blue field for the Union Jack, in the Cambridge flag. 

Ford's edition of the "Writings of Washington" adds a footnote 
that this flag — the Cambridge flag — was the result of the visit of the 
committee from the Continental Congress : Franklin, Lynch, and Harri- 
son, to the camp, and quotes Preble as his authority — 

February 20th 1776, Washington issues general orders that "it is 
necessary that every regiment should be furnished with colors which 
ought to bear some similitude to the regiment's uniform; colonels, with 
brigadiers and the quartermaster general, may fix upon such as are 
proper; to each regiment the standard or regimental colors, and colors 
for each grand division, the whole to be small and light. The number 
of the regiment to be marked on the colors, with such motto as the 
colonel may choose ... as the season is fast approaching for taking 
the field." Ford's Writings of Washington, Vol. Ill, p. 431, Note. 

Preble quotes Drake's History of Roxbury: "Two and a half 
months after the Grand Ujiion Flag (the Cambridge flag) raising at 
Cambridge, on January 2, 1776, the flag was displayed for the first 
time in the streets of Boston. The occupation of Dorchester Heights 
had compelled the evacuation of Roxbury and on the afternoon of 
March 17, 1776, a detachment of Americans, under Colonel Bbenezer 
Learned, pushed its way through the crows' feet and obstacles thickly 
strewn in its path, and unbarred the gates of the deserted stronghold. 
The flag was borne by Ensign Richards and the troops." Thus we have 

8 



contemporary evidence enough, says Preble, as to the time and place 
when the Grand Union striped flag, the Cambridge flag, was first 
unfurled. 

Preble. Origin of the Flag, etc., p. 158: On May 15, 1776, when the 
Virginia convention at Willi&msburg instructed its delegates in Con- 
gress assembled "to declare the United Colonies free and independent 
states absolved from all allegiance to crown and parliament of Eng- 
land, and to propose a confederation of the Colonies," there was a 
great parade, civil land military combined, and according to an eye wit- 
ness the Union flag of the American states floated over the Capitol. 
This, says Preble, could have been no other than the flag inaugurated 
by Washington, at his camp in Cambridge, in January, 1776. And it 
will be noted that this occurred three weeks before the Declaration 
of Independence was adopted at Philadelphia. 

Thus far it will be seen that the Cambridge flag was the official 
national standard wherever the Commander-in-Chief appeared with 
his army and that it floated in triumph over the capitols of at least 
four sovereign states — New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and 
Virginia. Also, there can be little doubt that it floated over Inde- 
pendence Hall, Philadelphia, at the signing of the Declaration of In- 
dependence, July 4, 1776. Preble states, on page 271 vol. I, that "when 
the Declaration of Independence was received at Easton, Penn., on 
July 8, 1776, the colonel and all the other field officers of the first bat- 
talion repaired to the court house, the light infantry company march- 
ing there with their drums beating, fifes playing and the standard (the 
device of which is the thirteen united colonies) was ordered to be 
displayed." 

The Declaration of Independence was read in New York, in the 
presence of Washington, by one of his aids, on July 9, 1776, in the 
center of a hollow square of troops drawn up on the park near where 
there is now a fountain (Ne\v York, City Hall Park), and the Grand 
Union flag of Cambridge was then unfurled in New York. On the 
10th, the Declaration was read at the head of the several brigades. On 
the 9th, it was also proclaimed from the old State House in Philadel- 
j)hia^by the Committee of Safety, and the King's arms were taken 
from the Court House and committed to a bonfire in front of it. "On 
Thursday, July 18th, 1776, the Declaration was proclaimed from the 
balcony of the old State House in Boston and the King's arms and 
every sign of them talken down and burned. Bells rung, etc." And the 
Cambridge flag was still flying over the old State House, where it had 
been placed after the evacuation of Boston by the British, on March 
17, 1776. 

It was not until September 9, 1776, that Congress ordered "all Conti- 
nental commissions and instruments should be made substituting the 
word United States, where heretofore United Colonies had been used." 

And not until Sept. 1777 that the change to the present stars and stripes 
was adopted and published to the world by the General Congress. 



So that from the time of its adoption by the Commander-in-Chief 
and by Congress, though the Cambridge fiag was variously called the 
"Grand Union Flag," "The Colonial Union Flag," "The Continental 
Union Flag," and often the plain "Union Flag," it was always the same 
flag and the same design — thirteen stripes, alternating red and white, 
with the Union Jack in the canton. This flag was adopted by the 
colonies in 1775 to mark their union together for securing 'by force if 
necessary, their full rights as free men and American colonists. But 
when the Declaration of Independence proclaimed to the world "that 
all political connections between us and Great Britain is, and of right, 
ought to be totally dissolved," they expressed a new idea. The people 
were no longer English colonists but had become bj^ that act free 
American citizens. The thirteen colonies having now become free, 
and sovereign, and independent states, a new nation had been born that 
was destined to take its place hig^h up among the nations of the earth. 

Meanwhile it is interesting to note that on sea as well as on land 
the Cambridge flag was adopted as the national standard of colors. On 
February 17, 1776, the day signal of the fleets at Cape May and Cape 
Henry, the capes off the Delaware Bay, was the Grand Union or Cam- 
bridge Flag. Amer. Archives, vol. IV, p. 179. 

Already, on December 3, 1775, in the Delaware River, Commodore 
Hopkins had assumed formal command of the little squadron that 
Congress had placed in his charge, the first American navy. 

The manner in which that command was assumed is of signal im- 
portance, as the ceremony marked the hoisting of the first American 
true flag. And the distinction of having released the banner to the 
breeze belongs to that daring spirit, J'ohn Paul Jones, one of the chief 
among heroes in the hearts of American naval officers and seamen. 
Jones, at that time, was senior lieutenant "corresponding to executive 
officer in the navy today" of Hopkins' flag ship, the Alfred. In a letter 
to United States Minister of Marine, Hon. Robert Morris, preserved 
in the Library of Congress, he thus describes the historic event: 

"It was my fortune, as the senior of the first lieutenants to hoist, 
myself, the flag of America (I chose to do it with my own hands) the 
first time it was displayed. Though this was but a sHghlt circumstance, 
yet I feel for its honor more than I think I should have done, if it 
had not happened. A line is drawn through the words in parentheses 
and 't'he word myself has been inserted." 

"This was the Cambridge flag whicli afterwards figured so exten- 
sively in the literature of the day as the Congress colors, from the 
fact that it first floated over the navy controlled by Congress. Also 
known as the Grand Union flag and the first navy ensign, it was the 
colonial standard from that day until it was superseded by the stars 
and stripes in 1777. It consisted of thirteen stripes, alternately red and 
white, typifying the thirteen colonies, with a union varying in crosses 
of Saint George and Saint Andrew combined. . . . 

"No mention of the ceremony of Commodore Hopkins' assumption 
of command of the little Continental fleet is to be found in the Phila- 

10 



delphia newspapers of that period. Indeed, the silence of the colonial 
press about the eight vessels fitted out, officered, manned, and sent to 
sea, was as complete as was that of the American press of 1917, when 
General Pershing's expeditionary forces embarked for the fields of 
France. But the intelligence reports to the British admiralty were 
very explicit concerning the events, however. In minutest detail, these 
reports describe the ships of the fleet, how they were painted, the num- 
ber of guns, officers, and men— all accurately supplied by the enemies' 
secret service agents in the colonies. . . . 

"One month later, after its baptism from the stern of the Alfred, the 
Grand Union Cambridge flag was raised at Cambridge, Mass., as al- 
ready noted, on the very day that the first Continental army ibegan its 
official existence on Cambridge Common, and General Washington is 
authority for the explanation that it was displayed out of compliment 
to the United Colonies" . . . National Geographic Ma^gazine, October 
1917, Vol. 32, No. 4, p. 288 

On May 13, 1776, the "Ladies Magazine of London" stated that 
the rebels in their navy used "a flag with the Union (i. e., British Union 
Jack) and thirteen stripes"— evidently the same thing. June 20th, 1776, 
H. M. S. Roebuck decoyed two American vessels by hoisting "a Conti- 
nental Union Flag" in Delaware Bay. (All the above taken from 
Fow's "True History of American Flag," p. 34. November 11th, 1776 a 
letter from Southampton, England, says of the American privateers : 
"Their colors are a red field with thirteen stripes, where (on) our union 
is placed, denoting the united rebellious colonies." — American archives 
5th series. III, 637. 

A contemporary account says, "that Admiral (Commodore) Hopkins 
sailed from Philadelphia with the American fleet, amidst the acclama- 
tions of thousands assembled on the joyiful occasion, under the display 
of the Union flag, with ithirteen stripes in the field, emblematical of 
the thirteen colonies." Preble says "this confirms my opinion that the 
flag of America was no other than the Grand Union flag of Cambridge." 
Preble's "Origin of the Flag," p. 234. 

We now come to a definite clue. On August 19th, 1776, Captain 
^-William Richards, who had been appointed "Ship's Husband" or naval 
storekeeper to the Pennsylvania State Navy on May 21st, 1776 (Penn. 
Archives, 2nd series, I, 240) and who seems to have taken a very active 
interest in his work, wrote to the State Council of Safety that the war 
galleys on the Delaware river "much want" colors, and expresses the 
hope that "you have agreed on what sort of colors I am to have made." 
Thi.s implies that the question was being actively agitated, although 
the design had not yet been finally decided upon. On October 15th, he 
writes again: "The Commodore (Thomas Seymour) was with me this 
morning, and says the Fleet has not any colors to hoist if they should 
be called on duty. It is not in my power to get them dome until there 
is a design fixed on to make the Colours by.'" (Penn. archives, v. 13 
and 16.) 

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But the matter still dragged. The next we hear of it is the follow- 
ing year, when on May 29th, 1777, the Pennsylvania State Navy Board 
authorized a payment of 14 pds., 12s. 2d. "to Elizabeth Ross for making 
Ships' colours, etc., put into William Richard Store." (Penn. Archives, 
2d series, I, 164.) This is the link which connects the Betsy Ross tra- 
dition with the facts. Apparently the design that Jay, Richards, Sey- 
mour, and others had been waiting for so long had at last been de- 
cided upon, and was made up by Betsy for Richards to deliver to the 
vessel captains. The price paid implies quite a large order. The de- 
sign, it will be noted, seems to have been furnished to Richards by the 
Council of Safety. 

Now at last a design had been hit upon for a marine flag, and in 
less than a month after Mrs. Ross' bill had been paid, on Saturday, 
June 14th, 1777, Congress "resolved that the flag of the thirteen United 
States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white (same as in the 
Cambridge flag) and that the Union be thirteen stars, white in a blue 
field, representing a new constellation." Eighteen months after the 
raising of the Union flag in Cambridge, and the sailing of the Ameri- 
can fleet from Philadelphia, under this flag, and nearly a year after 
the Declaration was signed and promulgated, this official resolution was 
finally adopted. . . . U. S. Journal of Congress. Copied by Charles 
Thompson, Vol. 6, No. 2, p. 1539. The earliest arrangement oif stars in 
actual practice seems to have been 12 stars in a circle and the IJth in 
centre — an easy geometrical pattern. There is no record in the Jour- 
nals of who presented this resolution, or who made the design, but it 
is significant that tlie resolution occurs among a lot of navy appoint- 
ments and votes, especially that appointing Jones to the "Ranger" as 
above. 

In fact, there is strong ground for believing that the flag as author- 
ized by Congress was meant now for a navy ensign. Two years after 
the adoption, on May 10th, 1779, the War Board wrote to Washington : 
"As to colours we have refused them for another reason ... it is not 
yet settled what is the Standard of the United States . . . we will re- 
report to Congress and request them to establish a Standard . . . for 
the army." (Davis, Regimental Colors in the Revolution, 4.) This 
question dragged almost as badly as the navy matter had done. On 
the 3d of the following September the War Board sent Washington 
various sketches "for a standard for the army" with requests for his 
suggestions. They say, "The one with the Union and Emblems on the 
middle is preferred by us as being (a) variant for the marine flag" — a 
very significant clause. (Davis, p. 5.) Washington replied that he 
agreed with them, and mentions "the curve of the serpent" in the de- 
sign. Although no copies of the design can now be found, it verj'^ evi- 
dently was never adopted. 

Apparently the whole idea of a "variant" was given up, and the 
"Marine flag" was allowed to go into use as good enough for the army. 

February 28, 1780, ih reply to a complaint by Washington that 
standards are still lacking, the War Board said: "As many colours as 

12 



possible shall be provided, but until we receive the articles from France 
. . . we cannot have the standards prepared," etc. Up to 1865, all bunt- 
ing used in the United States officially in the manufacture of flags was 
imported from Europe. Just when the material was finally received, 
made up and issued is not known, but it is plain that the Revolution 
was almost over before official battle-fiags were ready. In the mean- 
time, some of the regiments had taken up the navy ensign in their own 
independent fashion ; and one of these carried by the 3d Maryland regi- 
ment at the battle of Cowpens, January of 1778, is still preserved in the 
capitol at Annapolis. Its length is twice its width (after the propor- 
tions still followed by the British) and it has the 13 stripes, with the 
stars arranged as above described, 12 in a circle and the 13th in the 
centre (Davis, Supplement). This style of flag probably became so 
common in the army that it was gradually accepted as the regulation 
"standard" and is what the War Board referred to in its letter of Fel)- 
ruary 28th, 1780. 

■For our national flag, we seem to be indebted to the nav\' also. 
And this must be counted as one of our debts of gratitude to the 
Senior service. 

Bancroft, in his "History of the United States," describes this flag 
as "the tn-colored American banner, not yet spangled with stars but 
showing thirteeij stripes, alternate red and white in the field and the 
united crosses of St. George and St. Andrew on a blueground in the 
corner." B. J. Lossing, the historian, writing in the Historical Maga- 
zine, Vol. I, p. 185, says : "Among the voluminous papers left by Gen- 
eral Philip Schuyler and now in my possession is a sketch in water 
colors of the schooner, 'Royal Savage,' one of the little fleet on Lake 
Champlain in the summer and autumn of 1776, which was commanded 
by Benedict Arnold, etc. At the head of the main mast in the drawing 
is a flag composed of thirteen stripes, aliternate red and white and in 
the corner where are the white sitars in a blue field, in our national 
flag, is the British Union Jack. This is proof positive and for the first 
time absolutely settles ithe question, what was the device of the Union 
flag mentioned by Washington. — N. Y. Magazine, 1857. 

The National Geographic Magazine, Vol. XXXII, No. 4, its issue of 
-October, 1917 (sec p. 288), reproduces the earliest perfect reproduction 
of the Cambridge flag. It occurs on a bit of Colonial paper currency, 
issued by authority of Congress, on April 2d, 1776, by the state of North 
Carolina, for a sum equalling seven dollars and a half. The Grand 
Union flag forms a conspicuous part of the decorations appearing on 
the bill which is numbered 7985, indicating a large issue and sanctions 
officially and validates the bill, as the official seal of the government. 

In summing up all I have thus far said to identify the "Cambridge 
flag" as the first national standard of the United States of America, I 
honestly believe and confidently submit that the Grand Union flag of 
Cambridge adopted hy the commander-in-chief, by the army and the 
navy, and at least by four of the state capitals of Massachusetts, Vir- 
gmia, Pennsylvania, New York, and probably by the Continental Con- 

13 



gress, was the official and legal national standard from January 1, 1776, 
to June 14, 1777, and even later. In the light of these well authenticated 
tacts, its official legal origin is no longer in obscurity but is as plain an 
historical fact as any reasonable and sensible man would demand and 
accept. 

"In "One Hundred Years," by VV. H. Wilcox, is told at length how 
"The centennial anniversarj' of the first unfurling of the Cambridge 
flag at Cambridge, Mass., January 1, 1776, iby General Washington was 
celebrated in a spirited manner at Philadelphia, at midnight on the first 
of Tanuary, 1876. A suggestion had been made to the maj^or that the 
Continental (Cambridge flag) should be raised upon Independence hal' 
on that day, with appropriate ceremonies, including a salute of thirteen 
guns to correspond with the program followed by Washington on the 
first occasion. It had previously been determined to usher in 
the year with an appropriate popular demonstration; and this 
anniversary falling on the first, the suggestion was adopted. Inde- 
pendence hall was handsomely decorated, with a large pictorial design 
of the Continental Cambridge flag over the outer door sustained by 
flags and bunting extending each way from the centre, and surrounding 
the arms of the thirteen original states. The American flag was dis- 
played upon the staff's at either end- of the building leaving the central 
one free. Six large oxyhydrogen lights were distributed upon the op- 
posite side of Chestnut street, at the corners and upon the steeple, 
which brilliantly illuminatd the building. A full band rendered the na- 
tional airs and several companies of troops occupied the square. A 
long time previous to the hour, a dense throng blocked the streets for 
several squares each way. Shortly before midnight, a prayer was of- 
fered by Rev. Walter Q. Scott, which was followed by an address by 
Pionorable Benjamin Harris Brewster; and when the clock was on the 
stroke of the hour, the mayor began raising the flag illuminated by the 
leflectors, and as it reached the head of the staff the clock struck 
twelve. A brilliant crimson light was fired upon the roof. The rays of 
tlie reflectors were concentrated upon the flag, which iglowed like a 
star. A mine of fireworks was started from either side of the statue of 
Washington, upon the pavements, filling the air with a sheet of flame 
dotted with many colored balls of fire. A deafening cheer arose from 
the multitude, which was responded to by a feu de joie from the troops 
in the square. The bell struck 1776 and then 1876, followed by a peal 
which lasted half an tiour, but until the cheering subsided it could 
scarcely be heard. It was nearly morning before the crowd entirely 
dispersed and the streets assumed their usual aspect. Altogether it 
was a scene which will never lie forgotten by tliose who witnessd it." 

That Philadelphia should have remembered the date of the birth 
of the American flag at Cambridge in 1776 as worthy to be commemo- 
rated one hundred years later is quite significant. Somerville, Mass., 

14 



has erected a monument to mark, as we have seen, the greatest event 
in the history of Cambridge. 

"So, First, as carlj- as the ind day of January 1776, the flag we all 
love, except the blue union and the white stars, was in existence. Second, 
that we have the names of the men who designed it. Third, that it was 
raised at Cambridge. Fourth, that the reasons why the combination 
was adopted arc known. Fifth, that its first raising was an official act 
(on the part of General Washington, Commander in Chief). So, there- 
fore, we now have only to deal with the change of the Union from the 
crosses to the stars." Fow's True Story of American Flag, p. 22. Rear 
Admiral Preble asserts that "It probably will never 'be known who 
designed our Union of Stars, the records of Congress being silent upon 
the subject, and there being no mention or suggestion of it in any of 
the voluminous correspondence or diaries of the tiine, public or private, 
v.hich have been published." 

In conclusion the flag we worship is symbolic of loyalty and fidelity 
to country. Its stars are as the unchanging stars in the sky above, 
always on duty to protect our rights and privileges as American citi- 
zens. It is the same dear old flag under which our fathers fought and 
bled and, history tells us, pledged their lives, their fortunes, and their 
sacred honor that we might live self-governing free men and equal be- 
fore the law. No matter how much or how little you know of the 
history of the flag you are the legal beneficiaries of the legacy they 
have left behind. The symbolism, the meaning it conveys to us, is the 
glory of the past and the hope of the future. Whether we are native 
born or only citizens by adoption, we are part of a new nation under 
God, conceived in libertj^ and dedicated to. the lofty ideals of our fore- 
fathers. We have seen that in their wisdom thej'^ did not create their 
country first and then fashion a 'banner to represent it, but in the early 
years of that struggle, they adopted a definite flag and under its folds 
they went forth to conquer the right to call themselves a free and 
independent people. That flag was the Cambridge flag, adopted by 
Washington, the army and navy, and the Continental Congress. It 
was the first American flag to wave over the thirteen united Colonies. 

A year after the Declaration of Independence, Congress adopted a 
-4iiearsure which prescribed that this flag should consist of thirteen 
stripes and stars to represent the 13 original .states. In 1795, Con- 
gress changed the flag to fifteen stripes and stars, intending to add a 
new stripe and a new star for every new state. After more states 'had 
been added to the Union a member of Congress stood up and said : "If 
the Union keeps on increasing at its present rate, you will soon find 
that the tallest pine in the forests of Maine will not 'be high enough 
to serve as a flag staff." And it was then decided that the permanent 
form for the flag should be thirteen stripes alternate red and white 
and one star for eacli state in the Union. 

Today the American flag is llie third oldest national flag in the 
world. It represents "liberty, life and the pursuit of 'happiness" for 
all its citizens under the law. It means that all distinctions 'based on 



birth or blood have perished from :the earth; t'hat our government 
shall stand between lafcor and capital; betv^'een poverty and wealth; 
between the corporation and the individual; between the weak and 
the strong; it guarantees simple justice to each and to all; it means 
there shall be a legal remedy to right every wrong, and beneath 
its stars, the weakest must be protected and the strongest must obey 
the law. 

But it was the Revolutionary fathers under the Cambridge flag 
who opened for us this new road to freedom, one hundred and forty- 
six years ago. Our task, today, is to keep this road to greatness and 
liberty, an open highway, where each year the two million young 
men and women of our country, who annually are said to celebrate 
their twenty-first birthday may enter on the full duties and rights of 
American citizenship. 

"When the standard of the Union is raised and waves over my 
head," said the immortal Webster, "the standard which Washington 
planted on the ramparts of the constitution, God forbid that I should 
inquire whom the people have commissioned to unfurl it and bear it 
up ; I only ask in what manner, as an humble individual, I can best 
discharge my duty independently?" 

After one hundred and >forty-six years, our flag today is the same 
Cambridge flag, but shorn of its Union Jack. With its forty-eight 
stars on a blue union now representing forty-eight sovereign and in- 
dependent states resplendent and shining for all, it is no longer hyphe- 
nate but one hundred per cent American. Ca't'holic and Protestant, 
Jew and Gentile, black and white, alike, we stand together shoulder to 
shoulder beneath its all protecting folds, always ready to defend and, 
if need be uphold it upon the field of honor against the world. 

May God bless our flag and keep its beauty untarnished and for- 
ever safe in His keeping. Remember the poet says that 

"When freedom fron. her mountain height 
Unfurled her flag in air 
She tore the azure robes of night 
And set her stars of glory there !" 
She "set her stars of glory there" to make our lives sweet to live here 
and to fill the hereafter abundantly, for us, with the assurances of 
Divine Promise. 

Following the services on the library lawn, the procession marched 
to the Charles Sumner statue in Harvard Square, where thej' awaited 
the arrival of the rider impersonating William H. Dawes, who arrived 
at 11.30. and was met by Mayor Quinn. The parade was reviewed in 
Harvard Square and then proceeded to Central square to disband. 

The celebration concluded that night with a program in Central 
square, at which more than 8,000 persons were present. Motion pic- 
tures of historical subjects were shown on a screen placed on the front 
of the Central Square Baptist Church. School children massed in 
front of the church sang. The words of various selections were thrown 
on the screen for community singing. Music was furnished by a double 
quartet of brass cornets. 

16 



TRUE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FLAG 

AS VISUALIZED IN THE 

CAMBRIDGE PUBLIC LIBRARY 

• Flag No. 1. The Grand Union, the Continental, or, the Camlbridge Flag 
nate red and white— that the Union have twenty stars white in 
(with the Britis'h Union and thirteen stripes). The first flag to 
represent the thirteen united colonies. Adopted in 1775, at Cam- 
bridge by Gen. George Washington and the Colonial Congres- 
sional Committee. First displayed in Cambridge, January 1 and 
2, 1776, and later displayed in Boston, March 17, 1776, when that 
town was evacuated by the British. Generally accepted as the 
official standard for the United States army and navy during the 
early part of the revolution. 
Flag No. 2. The first real United States flag and the second flag of 
the Revolution. After declaring for independence the Conti- 
nental Congress adopted the following resolution, on June 14, 
1777, to wit: Resolved— that the flag oi the thirteen United 
States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white. That the 
Union be thirteen stars, wbite in a blue field, representing a new 
constellation." The stars arranged in the form of a circle dis- 
placing the British Union— finally and forever severing all alle- 
giance with Great Britain. 

Flag No. 3. The flag of the War of 1812 (fifteen stars and fifteen 
stripes) adopted January 13th, 1794, by an act of Congress, to wit : 
That, from and after the first day of May, 1796, the flag of the 
United States, be fifteen stripes, alternate red and white, and 
that the Union be fifteen stars on a blue field— our National em- 
blem for twenty-three years. The same flag that at Fort Mc- 

^ Henry inspired Francis Scott Key to write that immortal anthem 

entitled "The Star Spangled Banner," September 13, 1814. 

Flag No. 4. The flag of the Mexican war, 1846 (composed of twenty- 
nine stars and thirteen stripes) adopted July 4, 1818. Act of 
Congress, Section 1: That from and after July 4th, 1818, next, 
the flag of the United States be thirteen horizontal stripes, alter- 
a blue field. Section 2: Be it further enacted that, on the admis- 
sion of every new state into the Union, one star be added to the 
Union of the flag, and that such addition shall take eflFect on the 
Fourth of July, next, succeeding such admission." As the circu- 
lar design for grouping the stars did not meet with general favor, 
the stars were placed in rows and later the United States War 
and Navy Departments agreed they should hereafter be placed 
in parallel lines. 

17 



Flag No. 5. The flag of the Civil war period (contained thirty-five 

stars and thirteen stripes) 1861-1865. 
Flag No. 6. The flag of the Great World War (1914-1918) (forty-eight 

stars and thirteen stripes). An executive order, issued October 

26th, 1912, provided for forty-eight stars, to be arranged in six 

horizontal rows of eight stars each. 
N. B. Starting in the upper left hand corner and reading each row 

from left to right, gives the star of each state in the order of 

the state's ratification of the Constitution and its admission to 

the Union, as follows: 
First Row — 1, Delaware; 2, Pennsylvania; 3, New Jersey; 4, Georgia; 

5, Connecticut; 6, Massachusetts; 7, Maryland; 8, South Carolina. 
Second Row — 9, New Hampshire; 10, Virginia; 11, New York; 12. North 

Carolina; 13, Rhode Island; 14, Vermont; 15, Kentucky; 16, Ten- 
nessee. 
Third Row — 17, Ohio; 18, Louisiana; 19, Indiana; 20, Mississippi; 21, 

Illinois; 22, Alabama; 23, Maine; 24, Missouri. 
Fourth Row — 25, Arkansas; 26, Michigan; 27, Florida; 28, Texas; 

29, Iowa; 30, Wisconsin; 31, California; 32, Minnesota. 
Fifth Row — 33, Oregon; 34, Kansas; 35, West Virginia; 36, Nevada; 

37, Nebraska ; 38, Colorado ; 39, North Dakota ; 40, South Dakota. 
Sixth Row — 41, Montana; 42, Washington; 43, Idaho; 44, Wyoming; 

45, Utah; 46, Oklahoma; 47, New Mexico; 48, Arizona. 

18 



ORDER OF EXERCISES 



His Honor, Mayor Ouinn, presiding 

I. Bugle Call to Attention 

n. Cambridge Historical Societ}', President Wm. Roscoe 
Thayer 

Address— "BIRTH OF THE FLAG IN CAMBRIDGE'^ 
T. Harrison Ciimmings 
III. Pageant — 

OUR FLAG IN HISTORY 
First Episode — Presented by the Pupils of C. H. L. S. 
"The Cambridge Flag" 

(The First Real Flag of the Colonies — January 2, 1775) 

This flag, known as the Cambridge Flag, was de- 
signed by Professor Winthrop of Harvard College, 
and raised by \\'ashington at Cambridge, Massachu- 
setts, January 2, 1776. 

FLAG BEARERS Gregory Cooper, Fred Johnson 

GEORGE WASHINGTON " William Anderson 

PROFESSOR WINTHROP Thomas Gibson 

MRS. WINTHROP Helen Coolidge 

JOHN PAUL JONES Harry Goodwin 

Second Episode — Presented by the Pupils of C. H. L. S. 
"The First Victory of the American or Grand Union Flag" 

FLAG BEARERS John O'Connor. Edward Russell 

COMMODORE MANLEY Alexander Clyde 

SIX ENGLISH HOSTAGES Albert Garner, Robert 

Bennink, Maurice Howard, Abraham DoctorofiF,. 
Charles Gannon, Robert Le Normand 
Third Episode — Presented by the Pupils of R. T. S. 
*The Birth of the Stars and Stripes"— June 14, 1777 

FLAG BEARERS. .Bartholomew Turbot, Edward Lennon 
SPIRIT OF 1776: 

GRANDFATHER Melvin Hunt 

SON Willard Bodemer 

GRANDSON Oscar Perkins 

Fourth Episode — Presented by the Pupils of R. T. S. 
"TTie Star Spangled Banner" — January 13, 1794 
(Fifteen .Stars and Stripes) 

FLAG BEARERS Thomas Lally, Waldorf Nelson 

The Victories of the Star Spangled Banner 

19 



1. Naval War with France — 1798 

PRESIDENT JOHN ADAMS Albert Gracia 

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE Edward Donovan 

2. War with the Barbary States— 1801-1805 
PRESIDENT THOMAS JEFFERSON 

Earl Williams 
PASHA OF TRIPOLI Chester Swenson 

3. War with England— 1812 

FOUR AMERICAN SOLDIERS Lawrence 

O'Brien, Simon Nazarian, T. Franklin McDermott, 
Leo Esperian 

FRANCIS SCOTT KEY John Connolly 

Author of "Star Spangled Banner"— 1814 

(This flag of 1794, known as the Star Spangled 
Banner was the first American Flag to be raised 
over a Public Schoolhouse at Cobram on Catamont 
Hill, Massachusetts.) 
Fifth Episode — Presented bv the Pupils of C. H. L. S. 
"Old Glory"— April 4, 1818 

(Congress by Act, decreed a return to the original 
thirteen stripes and a star for every State in the 
Union to be added to the flag on the July 4th follow- 
ing a State's admission to the Union. This is the 
present law in relation to the flag) 

FLAG BEARERS Frank Thomas, Philip Smith . 

Monroe Doctrine — 1823 

Columbia Guarding for America the American Idea of 
Government 

COLUMBIA Marie Heller 

The First Raising of the "Stars and Stripes" over 
the State House on Beacon Hill on the occasion of 
the visit of Lafayette to Boston, April 24, 1824 
WILLIAM EUSTIS, Governor of Massachusetts 

Philip Doherty 

LAFAYETTE Frank Fessenden 

Sixth Episode— Presented by the Pupils of R. T. S. 
"The Army Flag for the First Fifty Years** 

FLAG BEARERS Charles Robart, Hyman Factor 

DRUMMER Henry L. Dyer 

SOLDIER OF 1776 John Callahan 

SOLDIER OF 1812 '.Charles Beal 

Seventh Episode — Presented by the Pupils of R. T. S. 
"National Flag— Period of Mexican War— 1846-47** 

FLAG BEARERS Charles McKenna, Robert Greene 

PRESIDENT JAMES K. POLK Robert Lake 

GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT Robert Fav 

GENERAL ZACHARY TAYLOR Joseph Hunter 

20 



Eighth Episode — Presented by the Grand Army Men 
"National Flag— Period of the Civil War" 

FLAG BEARER William Howe 

Cambridge Post, No. 56, G. A. R. 
GUARD OF GRAND ARMY MEN 

Ninth Episode— Presented by the Cambridge Post, No. 27, of 
the American Legion 

"The Service Flag" 

FLAG BEARERS Francis Skinner, C. H. L. S. 

5th REGIMENT OF THE U. S. MARINES, 2nd 
DIVISION Walter Barron, R. T. S. 

Two members from the Cambridge Post No. 27, of 

the American Legion 
Escort from the xA.merican Legion 
Presented by the Cambridge Post, No. 27, American 

Legion. 

Tenth Episode— Presented by the K. B. Club, '21, of C. H. L, S. 
"Red, White and Blue" 

COLUMBL\S Helen Lorenzen, Carolyn Brine, Ellen 

Leonard, Loretta Robillard 

FLAG BEARERS Rose Manning, Katherine Bradley, 

Barbara Brown, Helen Chase, Margaret Hadle.y, 
Ella McKenzie, Hilda Ludwig, Doris Nutman, Helen 
Farrell, Edna MacPherson, Ruth Parker, Dorothy 
__^ Fox, Ruth Loomer, Marion Gleason, Helen Hur- 

_ bank, Caroline Humphreys 

ESCORT OF VETERANS 
IV. Community Singing — "America the Beautiful" 
V. Salute to the Flag 
JV'X. Community Singing — "The Star Spangled Banner" 

The Pageant, "OUR FLAG IN HISTORY" written and 

directed by Miss Hartigan 

Music Furnished by "The Harvard University Band" 

COMMITTEE 

HON. EDWARD W. QUINN, Mayor 

LESLIE L. CLEVELAND 

T. HARRISON CUMMINGS 

LILLIAN R. HARTIGAN 

JOHN \\'. WOOD 

21 



THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER 

(By Francis Scott Key) 

Oh say, can you see, by the dawn's early Hght, 

What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming — 
Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the clouds of 
the fight 

O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? 
And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, 
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there : 
Oh. say, does that Star-Spangled Banner yet wave 
O^er the land of the free, and the home of the brave ? 

AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL 

(By Katherine Lee Bates) 
O beautiful for spacious skies, 

For amble waves of grain. 
For purple mountain majesties 
Above the fruited plain ! 
America ! America ! 
God shed his grace on thee 
And crown thy good with brotherhood 
From sea to shinins: sea ! 




.^RIL 





r% I ri£XjD£ri 



/<> 



Bos-fon ♦CambridgGg 
Brooklinc « Somerville, 
M e df ord , Arl ingfon, 
and Lexin6fon ?* .--• ?»? 



Time Schedule and Route of *' Ride of Paul Revere," 
Patriots' Day, Tuesday, April 19, 1921. 

START from North Square, Boston (Paul Revere House), at 10 A. M. 
Through Prince Street, over Charlestown Bridge, through City Square in Charles- 
town to Main Street, through Sullivan Square, to Broadway, to Paul Revere 
Square to Winter Hill. Time of arrival, 10.25 A. M. 
After exercises arranged by Somerville Committee, rider departs for Medford 
at 10.35. 
From Winter Hill, to Main Street, to Medford Square, to Captain Hall House. Time 
of arrival, 10.55. 
After exercises arranged by Medford Committee, rider departs for Arlington 
at 11.05. 
From Medford, High Street, through Winthrop Square, turn left and follow street 
car tracks through West Medford, to Medford Street in Arlington, to Massa- 
chusetts Avenue to Cooper Tavern, to Town Hall, Arlington Centre. Time of 
arrival, 11.45 A. M. 
After exercises arranged by Arlington Committee, rider departs for Lexington 
at 11.55. 
From Arlington, Massachusetts Avenue to Appleton Street (left near Arlington 
Heights) over Paul Revere Road to Massachusetts Avenue to Lexington Qreen. 
Time of arrival, 12.25 noon. End of ride. 

Time Schedule and Route of '* Ride of William Dawes.'' 

START from Eliot Square, Roxbury, at 10 A. M. 

From Eliot Square to Roxbury Crossing, under railroad bridge to Tremont Street, 

to Huntington Avenue, to Brookline Village. (Time, 10.20 A. M.) 
From Brookline Village to Harvard Street (through Coolidge Corner) to Devotion 

House. Time of arrival, 10.30 A. M. (wait 15 minutes). Exercises arranged by 

Brookline Committee. Depart at 10.45 A. M. 
From Devotion House through Harvard Street, pass Allston Railroad Station (time, 

11.05 A. M.), cross bridge to Franklin Street, to North Harvard Street (pass 

Stadium), over bridge to Bojlston Street, to Harvard Square, Cambridge. Time 

of arrival, 11.25 A. M. Exercises arranged by Cambridge Committee. Depart 

11.40. 
I'rom Harvard Square to Massachusetts Avenue (Old Concord Road), to Town Hall, 

Arlington Centre. Time of arrival, 12 noon. Exercises arranged by Arlington 

Committee. Depart 12.10 A. M. 
From Arlington Centre to Massachusetts Avenue to Appleton Street at Arlington 

Heights, over Paul Revere Road, to Massachusetts Avenue, to Lexington Qreen. 
Time of arrival, 12.50 A. M. End of ride. 



A MOUNTED ESCORT is provided for each rider by the 1st Squadron of Cavalry, 
Massachusetts National Guard, Major Dana P. Gallup, commanding; aided by 
Capt. P. C. Lewis. 

The riders who impersonate "Revere" and "Dawes" are members of the same 
squadron, especially detailed for this honor. 




Boston. 



Patriots' Day Committee, Frank Leveroni, Chairman. 

Director of Public Celebrations, City of Boston, E. V. B. Parke. 

Mayor of Boston, Andrew J. Peters. 



The official features of the City of Boston observance of Patriots' Day include the sixth 
annual reproduction of the historic "Hide of Paul Revere" from North Square, the second 
annual reproduction of the historic "Ride of William Dawes, Jr." from Eliot Square, Roxbury, 
and the trip of North End pul)lic school children to Lexington in ^the forenoon. Also a 
I'atriotic Night Program on Boston Common. 

U.15 A. M.-- NORTH SQUARE.— Exercises including music by Navy Band. Singing by 
audience of patriotic songs. Brief addresses on significance of the day by Hon. 
Andrew J. Peters, Mayor of Boston, and Hon. Thomas A. Noone, Mayor of Revere. 

<).45 A. M.— ELIOT SQUARE, ROXBURY.— Exercises including music and patriotic 
songs, and brief address. Arranged by Norfolk House Center, American Legion 
and Boy Scouts 

10 A. M.— NORTH SQUARE.— Start of " RIDE OF PAUL REVERE." Rider in costume 
on horseback, impersonating Paul Revere, with cavalry escort. (See route on page 2.) 

10 A. M.— ELIOT SQUARE.— Start of "RIDE OF WILLIAM DAWES, JR." Rider in 
costume, on horseback, impersonating William Dawes, Jr., with cavalry escort. (See 
route on page 2.) 

10.15 A. M. — CHILDREN of graduating classes of Eliot and Hancock Schools leave North 
End Park in special street cars, to follow the route of Paul Revere 's ride to Lexington. 

7.4o P. M. — BOSTON COMMON. — Open Air Patriotic Program. Instrumental music. 
Community singing. Motion pictures. Special features in keeping wth the spirit 
&i the day. (See program, page 8.) 



LANTERNS will be hung from the l)elfry of the NORTH CHURCH the night of April IS, 
following church services at 8 eight o'clock, according to the annual custom. 

Fcjliowing the departure of "Paul Revere" and escort from North Square at 10 A. M., April lil, 
the North End Committee will proceed with a ceremony of dedication of three public 
squares named in memory of World War veterans. Participants to include the Navy 
Band and bluejackets, Italian War Veterans, and American Legion Posts from North End 
and Revere. 

3 



I 




Medford. 



Hon. Benjamin F. Haines, Mayor. 
Chairman of Committee, Andrew F. Curtin. 



Exercises in INIedford will center at the Captain Isaac Hall House, where Paul Revere 
on his famous ride of 1775 aroused Captain Hall and notified him that the British were coming. 
This house is now the home of Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. Gaffej'^, through whose courtesy 
it has been opened for the reception of the rider on each of the annual celebrations the past 
few years. A bronze tablet erected by the Massachusetts Society of Sons of the Revolution 
marks the historical importance of this house. 
10.50 A. M. — The Mayor and members of the City Government will meet the rider and 

cavalry escort on arrival in Medford. 
10.55 A. M. — Exercises at Captain Hall House Ijy members of Daughters of the Ameri(;aii 

Revolution, Veterans of the Grand Army and Spanish War, American Legion, 

Post No. 45, Lawrence Light Guard, Co. E., 1st Engineers, M. N. G., Medford 

Historical Society. 
Children of the Medford Pubhc Schools. 
11 05 A. M. — Departure of rider and cavalry escort for Arlington. 

The Medford Historical Society will open its rooms on Governors Avenue to visitors 
during the day Many interesting collections will be on exhibition and vi.sitors are welcome. 




Arlington. 



COMMITTEE: Olvin H. Lufkin, Chairman; 

Charles B. Devereaux, Charles H. Higgins, Thomas J. Robinson, 
James P. Parmenter, Charles P. Kellogg, Herbert F. White, 
Frank L. Zeick, B. W. Ham, John B. Byrne, Mrs. Charles A. 
Hardy, Mrs. Cyrus E. Dallin, George C. Minard, Harold A. 
Frost, W. A. Forbes. 



11.15 A. M. — Participants assemVjle at RobV)ins Memorial ToAvn Hall. 
Veterans of the Grand Army, with color guard, on steps in center. 

American Legion color guard on right. Sons of Veterans' color guard on left. Chorus 
of fifty in background. Miss Grace Pearce, Director of Music. 
11.30 A. M. — Instrumental music by instrumental sextette. Singing by cliorus and audience. 
11.45 A. M. — Arrival of "Paul Revere" with cavalry escort. Announced by trumpeter in 

balcony and ringing of church bells. 
11.55 A. M. — Departure of rider and escort for Lexington. 

Music by instrumental se.xtette. Singing by chorus and audience. 
12 noon,— Arrival of "WilUam Dawes" with (Rivalry escort. Announced by trumpeter in 

balcony and ringing of church bells. 
12.10 P. M. — Departure of rider and escort for Lexington. 

Each rider will be received on arrival by the chairman of the town connnittee and a brief 
reception will follow in the Town Hall. 

4 




Somerville. 



Hon. Charles W. Eldridge, Mayor. 
COMMITTEE from the Board of Aldermen: President Richard 
L. Rice, Fred Allen, Waldo D. Phelps, J. Freeman Saville, 
Francis W. K. Smith, John S. Smith, Jr. 

School children will be assembled at each street junction along the line of the ride from 
Charlestown line to Paul Revere Park at the top of Winter Hill, where exercises will take 
place at — 
10 A. M. — Patriotic exercises at Paul Revere Park. Community singing by pupils of the 

Northern Junior High School, led by Frank W. Seabury, Master, and accompanied 

by cornet. 
10.25 A. M. — Reception to "Paul Revere" and escort, by members of the City Government. 
10.35 A. M — Departure of rider for Medford. 

.-^jio. Brookline. 

COMMITTEE: Chairman, Edward W. Baker, Brookline Historical 
Society; Albert W. Bright, Grand Army of Republic; James 
V. Kelley, American Legion; William O. Comstock, Brookline 
Historical Society; Charles F. Read, Brookline Historical 
Society; Mrs. George F. Arnold, Regent, Hannah Qoddard Chapter, D. A. R.; Mrs. 
Nathaniel U. Walker, Regent, Johanna Aspinwall Chapter, D. A. R.; Mrs. William 
T. Reid, Commissioner, Girl Scouts; William G. Haroley, Commissioner, Boy 
Scouts; William F. Carlson, History Department, Brookline High School. 




The rider — "William Dawes, Jr." —will be met, coming from Boston, at the Boston- 
Brookline line, by an honorary escort of representatives of the Grand Army, American Legion, 
Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts. 

At Coolidge Comer the troops of Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts will be formed in double 
lines. The rider and escort will pass through tlie lines, which will fall in behind as the rider 
pius.ses, and proceed to the Edward Devotion School grounds. Harvard Street, where the 
rider will be met by members of the Committee. A short open-air program will follow at 
I0..10^itrivr. — Instrumental Music or Singing. 

Address. — By a representative of the American Legion. 

Reading. — "Paul Revere — WilUam Dawes, Jr.," a poem written by Miss Julia Goddard. 

Address. — By a representative of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

Singing. — "America" by the audience. 
10.45 A. M. — Rider leaves for Cambridge, accompanied by his honorary escort as far as 
Commonwealth Avenue. 

The Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts will give a demonstration on the parade ground after the 
rider has departed. 

8 P. M. — Evening public meeting under auspices of Brooklhie Historical Society, in lecture 
room of the Public Library There will be read a paper written by Edward W. 
McGlenen, City Registrar of Boston, entitiod : "The Ride of P.auJ Revere," illustrated 
by lantern ^ides. 




Cambridge. 

Hon. Edward W. Quinn, Mayor. 

COMMITTEE: Leslie G. Cleveland, T. Harrison Ciimmings, 
Miss Lillian R. Hartigan, John W. Wood. 



The Birth of the American Flag will be the central feature of the City of Cambridge 
observance of Patriots' Day this year, based upon the historical fact that the first flag of the 
American Colonies was designed in Cambridge and was flown there by General Washington 
in 1776. 

10 A. M. — Public Library Qrounds. — Exercises under auspices of Cambridge Historical 
Society, iiududing music by Harvard University Band, community singing, address, 
flag pageant l)y school children. 
\'eterans of the Civil War, Spanish War and World War, special guests. 

ADDRESS: "Birth of the Flag in Cambridge." — By T. Harrison Cummings, Librarian, 
Cambridge Public Library. 

PAGEANT: "Our Flag in Historj-." 

First episode, by pupils of High and Latin School, "The Cambridge Flag." 

Second episode, "The Grand Union Flag." 

Third episode, by pupils of the Rindge Training School, "Birth of the Stars and Stripes." 

Fourth episode, "The Star Spangled Banner." 

Fifth episode, by pupils of High and Latin School, "Old Glory" — the present flag of the 

United States. 
Sixth episode, by pupils of the Rindge Training School, the Army flag for the first fifty 

years. 
Seventh episode, period of the Mexican War. 

Eighth episode, by Veterans of the Grand Army of the Republic, period of the Civil War. 
Ninth episode, by men of the Massachusetts National Guard, "The Service Flag." 
Tenth episode, "The Red, White and Blue," with escort of Boy Scouts, followed by 

community singing, "America, the Beautiful"; Salute to the Flag; singing of 

"The Star Spangled Banner" and "America." 
The pageant wTitten and directed by Miss Hartigan. Music by Harvard University 

Band. 

1 1.15 A. M. — Parade starts to Harvard Square, following pageant. 

Battalion of three companies of the Massachusetts National Guard, band, veterans of 
the wars and members of civic organizations. 

11.25 A. M. — Harvard Square. 

Reception to " William Dawes, Jr. " and cavalry escort. 
Greeting by Mayor Quinn and members of City Government. 

1 1.40 A. M. — Departure of rider to Arlington, accompanied by cavalry escort. 

7.45 P. M. — Open Air Patriotic Program with community singing, motion pictures of liistoric 
and general interest, and instrumental music, at Central Square. 




Lexington. 



TOWN COMMITTEE: Capt. William F. Young, Chairman; C. S. 
Ryan, Hallie C. Blake. 



The observance of Patriots' Day this year by the town of Lexington will include events on 
three days, culminating in an all-day program on the 19th. 

Sunday evening, April 17, at Town Hall. — Public meeting under auspices of Lexington 
Historical Society. Lecture by Joe Mitchell Chappie. 

Monday evening, April 18, at Town Hall. — Meeting under auspices of Knights of Colum- 
bus. Lecture on "Americanism" by Dr. .Tame.s .1. Walsh of Now York. 

Tuesday, April 19. 

G.30 A. M. — Sunrise Parade, East Lexington Station to Green. Drum Corps and High 
School Cadets with Color Guard. Refrsehments served participants. 

9 A. M. — Road race. Sports on playground. Athletic events — Lexington High School 
and South Wilmington High School. 

1 1 A. M.— MILITARY' AND CIVIC PARADE with three Divisions. Route from Adams 

School, East Lexington, over Massachusetts Avenue to Green. 
Veterans of the G. A. R. in automobiles. Y. D. Band. 

Parade Marshal, Capt. William F. Young and Adjutant, Lieutenant DeRego. 
The Governor of Massachusetts, Hon. Channing H. Cox. 
Brig.-Gen. David C. Shanks, commanding First Corps Area, U. S. Army. 
Co. A, 1st Engineers, Massachusetts National Guard, Capt. A. L. West; Co. B, 1st 

Engineers, M. N. G., Capt. Harris B. Lindh; Co. F, 1st Engineers, M. N. G., Capt. 

Robert S. Quimby; Battery B, 101st Field Artillery, Capt. C. W. Farrington. 

Second Division under command of Maj. Joseph Wiley, Lexington Drum Corps. 

American Legion details with colors and color guards, in command of Capt. J. Walsh, 
from the following towns which sent men to help fight the Battle of Lexington in 
1775: Needham, Bunker Hill, Groton, Bedford, Framingham, Everett, Concord, 
Acton, Cambridge, Sudbury, Woburn, Medford, Watertown, Dedham, Stowe, 
Brookline, Billerica, Chelmsford, Newton, Waltham, Lincoln, Danvers, Beverly, 
Lynn, Salem, Pepperell, Somerville, and Stanley Hill Post of Lexington. 
La Society Dps 40 Hommes Et 8 Chevaux, under command Chef de Gan A. J. S. St. 
Couer. 

TliirdJ>ivision under command of Maj. Carl Tobey. 

Veterans of Foreign Wars with drum corps, under command of John Keating. 
Lexington Minute xMen, Maj. Alfred Pierce; Spanish War Veterans, Sons of Veterans, 
High School Cadets, Grammar School Color Guard, veterans of Co. H., M. S. G., 
Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts. 

12 Noon. — On Arrival of Parade. — Unveiling of tablet at Buckman Tavern to the Minute 

Men of 1775 with accompanying exercises. 
12.25 Noon. — At the Green. — Arrival of " Paul Revere" from Boston with cavalry escort. 
12.50 P. M, — At the Green. — Arrival of " William Dawes" from Boston with cavalry escort. 
2 to 5 P. M. — Band Concert on Green. 
2 to 6 P. M. — Block Dancing, Massachusetts Avenue. 
3.30 P. M.— Planting of eight trees on the Green in memory of the eight Lexington men 

who made the supreme sacrifice in the World War. 
8 to 12 P. M. — ■ Dance in Town Hall, auspices of American Legion Post. 

7 



Two Patriotic Night Programs. 

Patriots' Day, Tuesday Evening, April 19, 1921. 
Boston Common, at Parkman Bandstand, 7.45 P. M. 

Auspices of Public Celebration Association of Boston, City of Boston Committee for 
Americanism, and Boston Chamber of Commerce Committee on Americanization. 

Central Square, Cambridge, 7.45 P. M. 

Auspices of Patriots' Day Committee of the City of Cambridge. 



7.45 to 8 o'clock.— INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC. 

INTRODUCTION on screen with message from Mayor. 

FEATURE.— Birth of the American Flag. 

"STAR SPANGLED BANNER" by audience. 

MOTION PICTURES.— "The Ride of Paul Revere." 

SONGS of 1775 by the audience. 

"THE STORY OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY." 

MOTION PICTURES.— "Presidents of the United States." 

Washington to Harding. 

CORNET SOLO followed by 

SINGING by audience.— "An Old Fashioned Garden." 

MOTION PICTURES.— "The Victory Pageant at Paris." 

SONGS of the World War.— "Pack up Your Troubles." 

"Great Red Dawn." 
"Long, Long Trail." 

MOTION PICTURES.— "News Weekly and Topics of the Day." 

COMMUNITY SINGING of three popular songs. 

"The Bear." " Li'l Liza Jane. " "Bubbles." 

SILENT TALK on Screen. — "Suggestions as to Citizenship Today." 

SINGING by audience.— "Battle Hymn of the Republic." 

MOTION PICTURES.— National Sports, Fastest Fingers, and cartoon 

"Out of the Inkwell." 

COMMUNITY SINGING of three Old Favorites. 

"Old Folks at Home." " Silver Threads. " "Old Black Joe." 

FINALE. — American Leaders in Peace and War. 

"AMERICA" by audience. 

Program arranged by SERVICE UNIT of BOSTON. 

8 



The Story of Paul Revere's Ride. 

(Written by Himself in 1783.) 
«« A BOUT ten o'cloc-k (p. m.) Dr. Warren sent in great haste for me, and bcgRcd that 1 
would immediately set off for Lexington, where Me.ssrs. Hancock and Adams were, 
and acquaint them of the movement, and that it was thought they were the objects. When 
I got to Dr. Warren's house [on the site of the presetit American House] I found he had sent 
an express by land to Lexington — a Mr. William Dawes. 

"The Sunday before, by desire of Dr. Warren, I had been to Lexington, to Messrs. Hancock 
and Adams, who were at the Rev. Mr. Clark's. I returned at night through Charlestown; 
there I had agreed with a Colonel Conant and some other gentlemen, that if the British went 
out by water, we would show two lanthorns in the North Church steeple and if by land, one 
as a signal; for we were apprehensive it would be difficult to cross the Charles River, or get 
over by Boston Neck. 

"I left Dr. Warren, called upon a friend, and desired him to make the signals. I then 
went home, took my boots and surtout, went to the north part of the town, where I kept a 
boat; two friends rowed me across Charles River a Uttle to the eastward where the Somerset 
man-of-war lay. It was then young flood, the ship was winding, and the moon rising. They 
landed me on the Charlestown side. When I got into town. I met Colonel Conant and several 
others; they said they had seen our signals. I told them what was acting, and went to get 
me a horse; I got a horse of Deacon Larkin. 

"I set off upon a very good horse; it was then about 11 o'clock, and very pleasant. In 
Medford I awaked the captain of the minute men; and after that, I alarmed almost every 
house, till I got to Lexington." 

PRESCOTT'S RIDE FROM LEXINGTON TO CONCORD. 

"After I had been there about half an hour Mr. Dawes arrived, who came from Boston, 
over the neck; we set off for Concord, & were overtaken by a young gentleman named Prescott, 
who belonged to Concord, and was going home; when we had got about half way from Lex- 
ington to Concord the other two stopped at a House to awake the man, I kept along, when I 
got about 200 yards ahead of tliem; I saw two officers as before, I called to my company to 
come up, saying here was two oi them. In an instant I saw four of them, who rode up to me, 
with their pistols in their hands, said 'you stop if you go an inch further, you are a dead Man.' 
Immediately Mr. Prescott came up we attempted to git thro them, but they kept before us, 
and swore if we did not turn into that pasture, they would blow our brains out (they had 
placed themselves opposite to a pair of Barrs and had taken the Barrs down), they forced us in, 
when we got in, Mr. Prescott said put on. He took to the left, I to the right towards a wood, 
at the bottom of the Pasture intending, when I gained that, to jump my Horse, & run afoot; 
jusFas I reached it, out started six officers, seized my bridle, i)ut their pistols to my Breast 
ordered me to dismount, which I did. " 

From Massachusetts Historical Society documents. 



How Dawes Rode to Lexington. 

'^nC'ILLIAM DAWES, junior, a young tanner, was born in the North End in 1745. He was 
an active patriot with Revere, Dr. Warren and others, a small group in watchful waiting 
for a move of the British against the Americans. 

Warning of such a movement was given them by William Jasper, an Englishman, who 
had marriied Ann, sister of Robert Newman, the sexton of Christ Church. Jasper was a cutler 
and did work for the soldiers and so heard of the intended expedition. 

y 



Revere crossed the river by boat but Dawes made the journey by land. The only way 
to reach the country north and west of Boston by land, previous to 1785, was over Boston 
Neck, by Washington Street, which continued through Roxbury, Brookline and the towns 
south to Providence. In Brookline, just beyond the village, was a road to the west. Harvard 
street, which ran through Brighton and crossed the Charles where the Stadium Bridge is 
located. 

Dawes, in his great coat and slouched hat, his usual dress on his rides, would today, after 
leaving the Dudley Street Terminal, ride through Roxbury Street and Eliot Square. Then 
by Tremont Street and Huntington Avenue reach Brookline Square. Turning into Harvard 
Street he would ride by Franklin Street, Brighton, to the bridge. Over the river by Boylston 
Street he enters Harvard Square. The Concord Road, later North Avenue, is the Massa- 
chusetts Avenue of today. By that road he continued through Menotomy, now Arlington, 
to Lexington, where he arrived shortly after Revere. 

During the war Dawes removed with his family to Worcester, where he was Assistant 
Commissary of Issues at the Magazine. 

After the war, from 1781 to 1795, he kept a general store at 13 Dock Square, now numbered 
21 to 30. He lived on Ann, now No. 24 North Street, where stood the "Franklin House" 
half a century ago. In 1795 he went to live on his farm in Marlboro, where he died 25 Feb., 
1799. His body is buried in the King's Chapel Burial Ground. 

By W. K. Watkins, Historian General, 
Sons of the American Revolution. 

Paul Revere — William Dawes, Jr. 



Should auKlit tli<" historic naiiiPS divide 
Of those who dared tluit glorious ride! 
No rivals they, wlio through tlie land 
Bore Liberty's renowned coniiuand. 
But comrades in a oause most dear, 
Were William Dawes and Paul Revere. 

* Hf * * if 

The wooded land — the silent street, 

Lay wounded 'neath their horses' feet. 

The furrowed course, unseen the steed. 

Might well proclaim their arduous speed. 

While gathering clouds, the moon's pale sheen, 

Now lit, now dimmed the midnight scene. 

Apart, alone, foes near at hand, 

They went to rouse the slumbering land. 

Their voices, piercing through the gloom. 

Might seem the very voice of doom. 

To clustered homes, by lonely door. 

They rang the summons o'er and o'er — 

No time to hearken a reply, 

A» gallantly their steeds rushed by. 

But listen — from the higher air. 

The mighty murmur gathering there, 

,\s a grcat-dcstined nation heard 

And answered "udsum" to their word. 



'i'hrough deepest watches of the night. 
That solemn call, that speeding flight! 
Ne'er might that warning cry have peace. 
The hillside's ringing accent cease, 
The trusted horse with panting breast 
Renounce his toil for welcome rest, 
Until the noble race was run, 
And the riders clasped hands in Lexington. 

Brothers for aye in Freedom's cause — 
Brave Paul Revere! Brave William Dawes! 
What generous blood beats through the heart 
Would hand their memories down apart. 
Should statesman's pen, the poet's verse, 
Fail each man's service to rehearse; 
Or tongue of truth forget to tell 
How each brave messenger did well? 
No! Let one line of Honor's roll. 
One jjage of History's ampler scroll, 
Declare their deed, with merit due, 
Accorded ne'er to one, but two, 
And a remembering country say, 
"Revere and Dawes" on Patriot's Day! 

— Extracts from a poem by a great-granddaughter of 
William Dawes, .Ir. — Miss Julia Goddard of Brookline. 



CHILDREN of the graduating classes of Eliot and Hancock public schools in the 
North End are taken from Boston to Lexington in order that they may come 
in close personal contact with events and the spirit of Americanism. 

Points of historic interest along the ride to Lexington will be observed, and they 
will participate in the exercises at Somerville, Arlington and Lexington, in the 
latter town being shown memorials and sites that were part of the creation 
of the United States. 

Children will write essays not exceeding 800 words, preferably from personal observa- 
tion or knowledge acquired. Writers of two best papers — one boy and one 
girl, one from each school — will be awarded special City of Boston medals and 
the papers will be read at exercises in June. Certificates of Merit will be awarded 
to the next four writers, two from each school. The selections will be'made 
as usual by three impartial judges, appointed by the Patriots' Day Committee. 

10 



Patriots' Day Committees— 1 92 1 . 

BOSTON. — Frank Leveroni, Chairman; William Carroll Hill, Secretary; John B. 
Archibald, Frank Chouteau Brown, John J. Morgan, James H. Phelan, John A. Scanga. 

With the co-operation of City of Boston Committee for Americanism, Edward B. Creed, 
Secretary; and Boston Chamber of Commerce Committee on Americanization, James H. 
Walsh, Secretary. 

SOMERVILLE.— Richard L. Rice, Chairman. 

ARLINGTON.— O. F. Lufkin, Chairman. 

CAMBRIDGE.— T. Harrison Cummings, Chairman. 

MEDFORD.— Andrew F. Curtin, Chairman. 

BROOKLINE.— Edward W. Baker, Chairman. 

LEXINGTON.— William F. Young, Chairman. 

HISTORICAL ADVISERS.— Edward W. McGlenen, W. K. Watkius, Charles F. Read. 



Public Celebration Association of Boston — 1912-1921. 

An organization of citizens co-operating with the city officials in the planning and direc- 
tion of arrangements for public holidays for the pui-]iose of giving to each anniversary a mean- 
ing and a value to the community which shall stimulate patriotism V)y increasing familiarity 
with the local and national foundations of city and nation. 

President, Addison L. Winship (1912 to 1921). Executive Secretary, E. B. Mijuo. 



The Poster and Cover Design. 

A competition for an original design for the Patriots' Day poster and program was opened 
to students of eight art schools. The competition was conducted by a committee composed 
of John J. Morgan, Frank Chouteau Brown and William Carroll Hill. Three specially 
selected judges opened the submitted designs and made choice of the one which in their 
judgment was suitable for the purpose. The judges were: Charles H.Richert, artist, Arlington ; 
Gibbs Mason, designer, Boston; and Edgar B. Sherrill, printer, Boston. 

The selected design used on the first page of this program, was submitted by Henry C. 
Fitzpatrick of the School of the Museum of Fine Arts. The judges gave honorable mention 
to another design submitted by Harold C. Hutchin.son of the same school. 



Public Historical Meetings. 

.\n added feature this year is the arrangement of public meetings mider the auspices of 
local lustorical societies, featuring the more serious aspects of the day. Such meetings inchidc : 

Lexington Historical Society, Sunday evenhig, April 17, at Town Hall. 
Lecture by Joe Mitchell Chappie. 

Bostonian Society. — The annual meeting of this society with special program appropriate 
to Patriots' Day had been arranged for the aft<'rnoon of April 18 at the Old State House, but a 
serious fire in the building on the thirteenth jjreventcd the meeting. 

Brooklino , Hist(U-ical Society, Puljlic Library Hall, Brooklino, Tuesday evening, 
April 19, at 8 o'clock. Reading of paper with stere()i)ticon illustrations. 

11 



LIVING LESSONS IN AMERICANISM 

FROM THE FOUNDERS OF THE NATION 
TO MEN, WOMEN AND CHILDREN OF 1921. 

Commemorating service to their country by two Messengers of the 
Revolution — Paul Revere and William Dawes, Jr. 

An event of world-wide significance. 

Not so much in honor of these individuals as in honor of the principles 
for which they served — lessons of loyalty, discipline and faithful= 
ness for all true Americans. 



ORIGIN OF THIS CELEBRATION. 

A patriotic and historical observance of "Patriot's Day," according to the present 

plan, was inaugurated for the City of Boston in 1916, by a committee of the 

Public Celebration Association of Boston, including the sending of a rider 

representing PAUL REVERE over the original route from Boston to Lexington. 
The experiment proved so worth while that a joint celebration was proposed in 

which all the towns and cities along the route might officially participate. The 

plans of the Boston Committee found ready welcome. 
In each community — Somerville, Medford, Arlington and Lexington, as well as 

Boston — an official committee was sanctioned by Mayor or Selectmen for each 

annual celebration. 
A NEW FEATURE LAST YEAR was the reproduction of the ride of WILLIAM 

DAWES, Jr., who was sent on'ithe same errand as that which caused the more 

famous ride of Revere. 
This added feature proved so successful that no suggestion arose from any source 

contrary to continuing it. The several communities concerned, through their 

representative committees, haveTmanifested increased interest and more coni= 

prehensive local programs this year. 
The communities co=operating in arrangements for this event are Boston, Brookline, 

Cambridge, Arlington and Lexington. 
Although the "Ride of Paul Revere" has received more attention in history and 

in the popular mind, the ride of Dawes was equally important and is equally 

deserving of being commemorated. 
This in no way detracts from the reputation of Revere, who was a useful citizen, 

serving his community and country in many ways other than the one ride that 

history has perpetuated in connection with his name. 
RIDERS.— The "Paul Revere" of 1916 was Sergt. W. L. Hamilton, Troop C, Is* 

Cavalry, M. V. "M.; 1917, James H. Phelan; 1918, Capt. R. S. Harrison, National 

Lancers; 1919, Lieut. F. B. Hunneman, 1st Cavalry, M. S. Q.; 1920, Sergt. Harrv 

D. Bishop, 1st Cavalrv, M. S. Q. 
The "William Dawes" of 1920 was Capt. F. B. Hunneman, 1st Cavalry, M. S. G. 
THE ORIGINAL RIDE BY REVERE started at Charlestown. He went by boat from 

the Boston shore; but for the purposes of the 1920 reproduction of the historic 

event the rider goes on horseback from the house in North Square in which 

Revere lived in 1775, over Charlestown Bridge. 
Revere was one of two riders to start from Boston to give the alarm "The 

British are coming" — William Dawes being the other — going by^different 

routes. " 

NEXT YEAR — 1922 — it is hoped that the complete historical events of the whole 

day of the 19th of April, 1775, may be reproduced in pageant form. This would 

be an appropriate joint program for the cities and towns along the route that 

have entered into the plans this year. 



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